Disparities by Sex, Race, and Region in Acute Myocardial Infarction-Related Outcomes During the Early COVID-19 pandemic: The National Inpatient Sample Analysis

Authors

Harshith Thyagaturu, Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
Amro Taha, Department of Internal Medicine, Weiss Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
Shafaqat Ali, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA, USA
Nicholas Roma, Department of Internal Medicine, St Luke’s University Hospital, Bethlehem, PA, USA
Sanchit Duhan, Department of Internal Medicine, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
Neel Patel, Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College/Landmark Medical Center, Woonsocket, RI, USA
Yasar Sattar, Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
Karthik Gonuguntla, Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
Harigopal Sandhyavenu, Department of Internal Medicine, Weiss Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
Irisha Badu, Department of Medicine, Onslow Memorial Hospital, Jacksonville, NC, USA
Erin D. Michos, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Sudarshan Balla, Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA

Document Type

Article

Abstract

Background: Disparities in acute myocardial infarction (AMI)-related outcomes have been reported before the COVID-19 pandemic. We studied in-hospital outcomes of AMI across demographic groups in the United States during the early COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was queried for 2020 to identify AMI-related hospitalizations based on appropriate ICD-10-CM codes categorized by sex, race, and hospital region categories. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality in females, racial and ethnic minority groups, and Northeast hospital region compared with males, White patients, and Midwest hospital region, respectively. Mul- tivariable regression analysis was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio and mean difference.

Results: A total of 820,893 AMI-related hospitalizations were identified during the study period. On adjusted analysis, during the early COVID-19 pandemic, females had lower odds of in-hospital mortality [aOR 0.89 (0.85-0.92); P < 0.01] and revascu- larization [aOR 0.68 (0.66-0.69); P < 0.01] than males. Racial and ethnic based analysis showed that Asian/Pacific Islander patients had higher odds of in-hospital mortality [aOR 1.13 (1.03-1.25); P < 0.01] than White patients. Dur- ing the early COVID-19 pandemic, Northeast and Western region hospitals had higher odds of in-hospital mortality, lower odds of revascularization, longer length of stay, and higher total hospitalization costs than Midwest region hospitals.

Conclusions: Our study disclosed disparities in AMI-related mortality and revascularization by sex, race and ethnic, and region during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Special attention should be given to at-risk populations. Whether these disparities continue in the post-vaccination era warrants further study.

First Page

153

DOI

10.62347/WKBJ1501

Publication Date

6-15-2024

Recommended Citation

Thyagaturu H, Taha A, Ali S, Roma N, Duhan S, Patel N, Sattar Y, Gonuguntla K, Sandhyavenu H, Badu I, Michos ED. Disparities by sex, race, and region in acute myocardial infarction-related outcomes during the early COVID-19 pandemic: the national inpatient sample analysis. American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease. 2024 Jun 15;14(3):153.