Temporal Trends in Race and Sex Differences in Cardiac Arrest Mortality in the USA, 1999–2020

Authors

Karthik Gonuguntla, Division of Cardiology, West Virginia University Heart & Vascular Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
Muchi Ditah Chobufo, Division of Cardiology, West Virginia University Heart & Vascular Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
Ayesha Shaik, Department of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
Nicholas Roma, Department of Medicine, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, PA, USA
Mouna Penmetsa, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
Harshith Thyagaturu, Division of Cardiology, West Virginia University Heart & Vascular Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
Neel Patel, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College/Landmark Medical Center, Woonsocket, RI, USA
Amro Taha, Department of Medicine, Weiss Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
Waleed Alruwaili, Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
Raahat Bansal, Division of Cardiology, West Virginia University Heart & Vascular Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
Muhammad Zia Khan, Division of Cardiology, West Virginia University Heart & Vascular Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
Yasar Sattar, Division of Cardiology, West Virginia University Heart & Vascular Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
Sudarshan Balla, Division of Cardiology, West Virginia University Heart & Vascular Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA

Document Type

Article

Abstract

Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) affects over 600,000 patients in the USA annually. Despite large-scale public health and educational initiatives, survival rates are lower in certain racial and socioeconomic groups.

Methods: A county-level cross-sectional longitudinal study using death data of patients aged 15 years or more from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database from 1999 to 2020. CAs were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision, clinical modification codes.

Results: The CA-related deaths between 1999 and 2020 were 7,710,211 in the entire USA. The annual CA related age-adjusted mortality rates (CA-MR) declined through 2019 (132.9 to 89.7 per 100,000 residents), followed by an increase in 2020 (104.5 per 100,000). White patients constituted 82 % of all deaths and 51 % were female. The overall CA-MR during the study period was 104.48 per 100,000 persons. The CA-MR was higher for men as compared with women (123.5 vs. 89.7 per 100,000) and higher for Black as compared with White adults (154.4 vs. 99.1 per 100,000).

Conclusions: CA-MR in the overall population has declined, followed by an increase in 2020, which is likely the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. There were also significant racial and sex differences in mortality rates.

First Page

63

Last Page

68

DOI

10.1016/j.jjcc.2024.08.006

Publication Date

2-1-2025

Recommended Citation

Gonuguntla K, Chobufo MD, Shaik A, Roma N, Penmetsa M, Thyagaturu H, Patel N, Taha A, Alruwaili W, Bansal R, Khan MZ. Temporal Trends in Race and Sex Differences in Cardiac Arrest Mortality in the USA, 1999–2020. Journal of Cardiology. 2025 Feb 1;85(2):63-8.